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Giovacchino Forzano ((:dʒovakˈkino forˈtsano); 19 November 1884 – 18 October 1970) was an Italian playwright, librettist, stage director, and film director. A resourceful writer, he authored numerous popular plays and produced opera librettos for most of the major Italian composers of the early twentieth century, including the librettos for Giacomo Puccini's ''Suor Angelica'' and ''Gianni Schicchi''.〔Julian Budden: "Giovacchino Forzano", ''Grove Music Online'' ed. L. Macy (Accessed 4 March 2009), ((subscription access) )〕 ==Biography== Forzano was born in Borgo San Lorenzo, in the province of Florence. He studied medicine before embarking on a brief career as an operatic baritone. He then began studying law and, after finishing his diploma, became a freelance journalist, contributing regularly to several of Italy’s major newspapers. In 1914 he met and befriended Giacomo Puccini who asked him to write the librettos for his ''Il trittico'', a collection of three one-act operas. Forzano agreed to write the librettos for two of the works, ''Suor Angelica'' and ''Gianni Schicchi'', but declined ''Il tabarro'' saying that he preferred to create his own plots (Giuseppe Adami wrote the libretto for ''Il tabarro''). ''Il trittico'' premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 December 1918 to high acclaim. With the success of ''Il trittico'', Forzano was soon approached by other composers to provide librettos, including Alberto Franchetti, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Mario Peragallo, Umberto Giordano, and Pietro Mascagni.〔 In 1920 Forzano became a stage director at La Scala, serving in the capacity through 1930. During the 1920s he became one of the most successful and frequently performed dramatists of his day. He later became a producer and director of propaganda films for the National Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini. In 1957 he published a volume of memoirs, ''Come li ho conosciuti'', which reveal interesting perspectives on the composers with whom he collaborated.〔 He also participated in several filmed documentaries that recall his work on ''Gianni Schicchi'' with Puccini. He died at Rome in 1970. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giovacchino Forzano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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